一.分拨中心规划规划程序

1.筹建进程

在分拨中心的筹建预备阶段，首要应该清晰建造分拨中心的使命、方针以及有关布景。在承认了分拨中心建造的必要性和可行性后，可树立筹建小组进行详细规划。筹建小组应该吸收多方面成员参与，包含本公司、土建部分的人员和一些经验丰富的专家或参谋，以防止筹建作业产生片面性。此外，筹建小组应根据企业运营决议方案的基本方针，进一步承认分拨中心建造的必要性，防止盲目筹建。

1. Preparation process

In the preparation stage of the distribution center, we should first clarify the tasks, objectives and relevant background of the construction of the distribution center. After determining the necessity and feasibility of the construction of the distribution center, a preparation group can be established for specific planning. The preparation team should involve many members, including the personnel of the company, civil engineering department and some experienced experts or consultants, so as to avoid one sidedness in the preparation work. In addition, the preparation team should further confirm the necessity of the construction of the distribution center according to the basic principles of enterprise business decision-making, so as to avoid blind preparation.

2.体系规划规划

Economic factors

The fundamental purpose of the establishment of distribution centers is to reduce freight costs. Without sufficient cargo flow, the economies of scale of distribution centers cannot be brought into play. First, the construction of distribution centers must be built in areas with sufficient freight volume. Second, the expansion and development of cities need to be fully considered to ensure their sustainable pivotal role. Third, the location of the distribution center needs to be close to important transportation lines to facilitate the distribution operation. If railways and ships are used as means of transportation, proximity to railway stations, ports, etc. should be considered. Fourth, when determining the location of the distribution center, human resources factors such as the source of employees and salary level should be considered. If the population near the location of the distribution center is small and the transportation is inconvenient, it is not easy to recruit grass-roots workers; If the salary level in nearby areas is too high, it will also affect the recruitment of grass-roots workers.

2)天然要素

分拨中心所担任集散作业的地舆区域的规划应与其巨细相适应。地势对分拨中心库房基建投资的影响也很大，在外形上可挑选长方形，不宜挑选不规则形状;简单坚持物资枯燥;接近河海区域，应留意当地水位，谨防地下水上溢。分拨中心应远离闹市或居民区，周边不该有产生腐蚀性气体、粉尘和辐射热的工厂，还应与易产生火灾的单位坚持必定的安全间隔。天然环境中的降雨量、飓风、地震和河川等天然灾害关于分拨中心的影响也非常大。选址时要留意避开风口，由于在风口建造会加快露天堆积物品的老化。

2) Natural factors

The scale of the geographical area of distribution center responsible for distribution operations shall be commensurate with its size. The terrain also has a great impact on the infrastructure investment of the distribution center warehouse. The shape can be rectangular rather than irregular; Easy to keep materials dry; Close to rivers and seas, pay attention to the local water level and beware of groundwater overflow. The distribution center shall be far away from downtown or residential areas, there shall be no factories producing corrosive gas, dust and radiant heat around, and a certain safe distance shall be kept from units prone to fire. Natural disasters such as rainfall, typhoon, earthquake and rivers in the natural environment also have a great impact on the distribution center. Pay attention to avoid the tuyere when selecting the site, because the construction of tuyere will accelerate the aging of items stacked in the open air.

3)方针要素

方针要素包含地舆区域关于快递企业的优惠办法(如土地供给、减税)、城市规划(如土地开发、路途建规划划)、区域产业方针等。这些方针有助于下降运营本钱。

3) Policy factors

Policy factors include preferential measures for express delivery enterprises in geographical regions (such as land provision and tax reduction), urban planning (such as land development and road construction plan), regional industrial policies, etc. These policies help reduce operating costs.

2.分拨中心选址的准则

1)适应性准则

分拨中心的选址应与国家或区域的经济开展方针、方针相适应，与快递企业货运量散布相适应。

2. Principle of distribution center location

1) Adaptability principle

The location of the distribution center shall adapt to the national or regional economic development guidelines and policies and the freight volume distribution of express enterprises.

2)协调性准则

分拨中心的选址应将快递企业在整个国家或区域的货运网络作为一个大体系来考虑，使分拨中心在地域散布、货运作业生产力、技术水平等方面与整个体系协调开展。

2) Principle of coordination

The location of distribution center should consider the freight network of express enterprises in the whole country or region as a large system, so that the distribution center can develop in coordination with the whole system in terms of regional distribution, freight operation productivity, technical level and so on.

3)经济性准则

分拨中心选址的费用首要包含建造费用、货运费用、运营费用三部分。分拨中心的选址定在市区、近郊区或远郊区，其未来的建造规划和建造费用，以及货运费用和运营费用都是不同的，选址时应以总费用最低作为经济性准则。

3) Economic principle

The cost of the site selection of the distribution center mainly includes three parts: construction cost, freight cost and operating cost. The location of the distribution center is determined in the urban area, suburban area or outer suburban area. Its future construction scale and construction cost, freight and operating costs are different. The lowest total cost should be taken as the economic principle when selecting the location.

4)战略性准则

分拨中心的选址应具有战略眼光。一是要考虑大局，二是要考虑久远。部分要遵守大局，现在利益要遵守久远利益，既要考虑现在的实际需要，又要考虑日后开展的或许。

4) Strategic principles

The location of distribution centers should have a strategic vision. The first is to consider the overall situation, and the second is to consider the long-term. The local should obey the overall situation, and the current interests should obey the long-term interests. We should not only consider the current actual needs, but also consider the possibility of future development.

参考资料：《快递网络:复杂性及规划运营办理》

翻译：百度翻译

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